Sri:
Srimathe Ramanujaya Nama:
An Interview with PBA Swamy - 1979
Interview conducted by Sri K.A. Manavalan and Sri
T.A. Bhashyam - published in Geethacharyan, March
1979 Issue
Translated from Tamil by TCA Venkatesan
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Q. How did you get the name "prativAdi bhayankarar"?
A. This is not my name. It is the title given to our
ancestor. His divine name was Prativadi Bhayankaram
Annan. He lived at viLakkoLi sannidhi in Kanchipuram.
He learned the general sastras from NayanArAchAryar,
son of Vedanta Desikar. Later, after hearing the
greatness of Manavala Mamunigal, he went to Srirangam
and seeked Swami's divine feet. There, due to Mamunigal's
grace, he learnt the special sastras and became one of
his ashta dikgajas.
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Q. Why did he get the name "prativAdi bhayankarar"?
A. When he was the disciple of NayanArAchAryar, he
defeated a advaitic pundit in a philosophical debate.
Upon which NayanArAchAryar celebrated him as "prativAdi
bhayankararE". From that day forward, he and his
descendants came to be known by that name.
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Q. Were you born in Kanchipuram itself?
A. Yes. I was born in Kanchipuram in the household
of my grandfather (mother's father - Shashti Jeeyar
Swami).
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Q. Can you tell us about your studies in youth?
A. My father's name was Annarangacharyar. During a
very young age, I learned from him. I had upanayanam
done when I was six years old. My father taught me
3000 divyaprabandhams before I was nine years old.
Two years later, he performed samashrayanam for me
and then taught me the Thiruvaymozhi thousand. These
were taught to me in Kanchipuram as well as in our
village of Chiththathoor Thiruvadi Rayapuram. In
addition, I learned many works from my father's
uncle Kidaambi Krishnamacharyar.
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Q. Did you learn Sanskrit works also from your
grand uncle?
A. I learned some works from him first. Later, I
learned many Sanskrit works, including Sri Bhashyam,
from Sri U Ve Jagadguru Gaadi Ananthacharyar Swami.
When Swami went to North India, upon his order, I
learnt from Ilangaadu Rangaswamy Iyengar Swami and
Pudhupper Venkatacharyar Swami. In addition, I
learned Bhagavad Vishaya Rahasyam, mUvAyira
vyAkhyAnam, Tamil grammar, ancient Tamil works,
Ashta prabandhas and Kamba Ramayanam from Shashti
Jeeyar Swami.
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Q. From whom did you learn the Vedas? When did you
get the interest to learn them?
A. I learned some parts of the Vedas first from
Narasimhacharyar. Later I stopped learning the
Vedas as they were in the way of my Sanskrit
education. After the age of nineteen, I started
learning them again from Mamballam Sudarshanacharyar
Swami. About 25 people learned with me. I created
a pAtashala for us to learn Vedas and purchased a
building for it. We started reciting the Vedas we
learnt, in the divine streets around the temple.
This was started in the year 1919 and stopped in
1964 when I had a heart attack.
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Q. How many languages do you know? In how many
languages have you written works?
A. I know Tamil, Telugu,, Hindi and Sanskrit.
I have written works in all four languages. I
have also performed upanyasams in all four
languages.
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Q. Till now (1979), how many works have you
authored?
A. In the four languages, I have written about
1207 books. This room in which I am seated has many
books - out of which only about 1/4th are not
authored by me. The rest were written and published
by me.
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Q. Can you group the books you have authored so
far?
A. They can be separated into 16 groups. Most
importantly, I have published pUrvAchArya granthas.
I published all of Ramanuja's granthas in a book
called Ramanuja Granthamala; all of Vedanta Desika's
granthas in a book called Vedanta Desika Granthamala;
and all of Manavala Mamunigal's works in a book
called Varavaramunindra Granthamala. In addition, I
have published books authored by me, in 15 groups.
Starting at the age of 19, I have authored extended
meanings for the 4000 divyaprabandhams.
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Q. In addition, you have also been publishing a
journal, right?
A. Yes. I have been running journals in all four
languages. I publish a journal called "Vaidika
Manohara" in Sanskrit and Hindi. In Telugu, I
publish a journal called "Ramanuja Patrika" and
in Tamil "Sri Ramanujan".
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Q. Are you the editor for all magazines or do
you use representative for each of the magazine?
A. I am the editor for all magazines. I have
not kept any assistant so far. These magazine
have been running for 32 years.
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Q. You said you know four languages. Do you
also know English?
A. When I was learning at the Vanamamalai
Patashala, my mother wished me to learn English.
However, my father did not agree to it. Later,
when my father was ill, a doctor came to see
him. At that time, my father himself asked that
I learn English from the doctor. I learnt English
from him for about 1.5 years. I also learnt
English for some time from a person called
Venkataryan. Even now, while I cannot speak well
in English, I can still read and write. My hand-
writing is beautiful in all languages. Those who
see my handwriting ask me if I am a B.A. I tell
that I am a P.B.A (laughs).
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Q. What's the reason for your greater affinity
for dEva perumAL's ghoshti than for dEva perumAL
Himself?
A. My father had ordered me that I should never
give up ghoshti. It is due to his grace. I have
never missed iyal ghoshti once nor have I offered
obeisance to it once.
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Q. What do you mean you have not offered obeisance
to the iyal ghoshti once?
A. If one is present in the ghoshti when it starts,
then one does not have to offer obeisance to it.
Only if one joins it in the middle does one have
to do that. I have never joined the ghoshti once
in the middle. I will always be ready before the
ghoshti starts. All this is due to the grace of
my father.
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Q. What is the reason for Divyaprabandha ghoshti
to come in the front and Veda ghoshti to come behind,
when perumAL goes about in the streets?
A. The Divyaprabandhams which are the Tamil
Vedas tell us all about the Lord's divine auspicious
qualities. However, the Sanskri Vedas which started
telling about these qualities, failed in its attempt
and backed off ("yatO vAchO nivartante"). The same
is stressed by Vedanta Desikar, Kambar and others.
This is the reason why aruLis seyals are in the front
and vEda pArAyaNam is in the back.
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Q. Amongst all your works, which one do you
consider is the best?
A. Amongst the works I have authored, I consider
the work "Sri Bhashya Saram" in Thamzih, as the
best. Also, all my vyakhyanams in Sanskrit for the
4000 Divyaprabandhams are very good.
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Q. Do you recall your first work?
A. I was about 15 years old at that time. A
scholar speaking at the Hundred Pillar mandapam
in Kanchipuram stated that as the Divyaprabandhams
were written in Tamil they cannot be respected.
I wrote a 30 page book in Sanskrit called
"Divyaprabandha Vaibhava Viveka:" rejecting his
claim. That was my first book.
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Q. Can you tell us when and where you gave your
first discourse?
A. One time I had gone to Hyderabad (Sitarambag)
for Udayavar Utsavam, along with my acharya Sri U.
Ve. Gaadi Ananthacharyar Swami. I was about 16 years
at that time. There some people requested Gaadi
Swami to perform a discourse. Then, he ordered me
to do a discourse. That order is the source for all
my upanyasams. I performed my first discourse there
on Udayavar Vaibhavam.
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Q. Your voice is majestic till date. What is the
reason behind that? Do you use any medicines to
protect your voice quality?
A. The Lord's grace is the reason for my voice
being good. I do not use any medicine for that.
The Lord is the medicine.
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Q. Even though you have helped the people of this
world by performed many discourses, there is a
complaint that you have not created any disciples
who can follow in your foot steps....
A. I have written thousands of works. Even today,
many scholars who perform discourses write to me
saying that their discourses are based upon my
writings. They all can be considered my disciples.
Even though I have not created a few disciples, I
have written thousands of works that will last
hundreds of years. That is sufficient.
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Q. Our sampradhayam is going down. In such a
situation, who are you appointing as your heir?
A. When so many scholars such as Sadabishekam
Govinda Narasimhachariar, Velukkudi Varadachariar,
Pillai Lokam Bhashyakachariar, S. Krishnaswami
Iyengar (Sudarshanam Publisher), Nallan Ramakrishna
Iyengar, K.A. Manavalan and Sthalasayanaththuraivar
are building the sampradhayam, it is wrong to say
that the sampradhayam is going down. Therefore, it
is not necessary for me to appoint someone as my
heir.
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Q. Can you say something about the Thenkalai
and Vadakalai divisions within the Srivaishnava
Sampradhayam. What was Vedanta Desikar's role
in this division?
A. During Vedanta Desikar's time, there was
no division within the Srivaishnava Sampradhayam.
Why go that far? I will swear, wearing a Thulasi
garland, that prior to 1800, there was no Thenkalai
Vadakalai division. Vedanta Desikar gained great
knowledge through upAsana. Therefore, he authored
a great number of works. In these works, first he
will reject a notion of Pillai Lokacharyar. A few
pages later, he would state that "this is the
thought of such and such". A little later, he
would agree with what he himself had rejected
earlier. A certain group which came after his
time, started following his earlier opinions. This
is the cause for the Thenkalai Vadakalai division.
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Q. When and where did you get the title "mahA
mahipOdhyAya"?
A. In 1972, at Allahabad, seven people were
selected as Saptha Rishis. At that time, this
title was given to me by vice president Sri
Pathak.
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Q. We learn that you have gone on several
divyadesa yatras. Have you been to all Sri
Vaishnava divyadesams?
A. So far, I have done North Indian divya
desa yatras alone 23 times. Out of the 108
Sri Vaishnava divyadesams, 106 are in this
world. Out of them, excluding Salagramam and
Thiruppirithi, I have worshipped at 104 divya
desams.
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Q. Many people of our sampradhayam go to
work early and return late. Being involved
in lowkika like this, they are unable to
follow the Srivaishnava sampradhayam. Can
you briefly tell what they can do?
A. After waking up and performing sandhya-
vandanam, they must recite all 30 verses of
Thiruppavai. If there is insufficient time
even for that, then they must at least recite
the "siRRam siRukAlE" pasuram. If they do
this much, they would have followed the
Srivaishnava sampradhayam.
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Q. What do you consider as your greatest
gift?
A. I consider the fact that I was born in
Manavala Mamunigals' sampradhayam as my
greatest gift. Just as Dasaratha prayed that
Rama be born as his son for seven (all)
births ("ninnaiyE maganAgap perRap peRuvEn
EzhpiRappum nedunthOL vEndhE"), so too I
pray every day that I gain Manavala Mamunigal
as my acharya for seven (all) births ("ninnaiyE
guruvAgap peRap peRuvEn EzhpiRappum yathIndhrap
pravaNA").
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Q. You have accomplished a great many things.
Is there something that you feel you have not
done yet?
A. Whatever you consider that I have
accomplished thus far, if they remain without
any problems, then that is sufficient.
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Q. When you perform discourses, why do you ask
questions toward the audience? Particularly, when
it appears that you are questioning some scholars,
it is said that they are bothered.
A. I do not ask questions to bother any one.
I ask them questions so that the audience realize
their knowledge. Also, if people who have knowledge
of the Vedas and Divyaprabandhams come to me, I
take them with me to my upanyasams. I do this for
the benefit of the audience only - not to test
them.
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Q. As the editor of magazines, what is your
wish for the magazine Geethacharyan (run by Sri
M.A. Venkatakrishnan)?
A. Geethacharyan must grow greatly. It must increase
its pages more. As it grows, I would like to stop
my magazine "Sri Ramanujan" and take this as my
magazine.